Sakae Naa (Combretum quadrangulare)

  OTHER NAMES of Sakae Naa (Combretum quadrangulare)

Sakae Naa (Combretum quadrangulare) is a plant species from the Combretaceae family, which is mainly found in Southeast Asia. It has many different common names depending on the region where it grows and is used. In Thailand, it is known as "sakae naa," "naa," "ngaa," "khwae," "dok ngaa," "dok mai sakae," "maak," "maak khwae," "krasae," "krasae ngaa," "ngaa noi," "maphrao khwae," "maphrao khwae noi," "maprang khwae," "mak khwae," "maa," or "maa naa." In Myanmar, it is called "sein nwein phyu" or "sein nwein khon."

In Laos, it is known as "xaang khao," "saa," "saa ngo," "saa khao," "sa," "sa khao," "sa khaam," "khiat paat," "khiat," "khiat hua," "khiat thao," "khiat kham," "khiat ngo," "khiat paat yai," "khiat nam," "khiat ngam," "khiat haen," or "khiat hae."

In Cambodia, it is called "preikuk," "sâmkê," or "smkay."

In Vietnam, it is known as "sức khoe," "vông nem," "bòn đậu khấu," "bòn kha khẩu," or "phước trắng."

In Malaysia, it is called "sepak," "konda," "penaga lilin," "pulai," "tulang," "beringin," "bonglai," "kayu bunga," "bongkay," or "buloh."

  1. What is Sakae Naa (Combretum quadrangulare) and what are its medicinal properties ?

Sakae Naa (Combretum quadrangulare) is a plant native to Southeast Asia, particularly Thailand and Malaysia. This plant is well-known for its medicinal and psychoactive properties. Sakae Naa (Combretum quadrangulare) contains chemical compounds such as catechins, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids, which exhibit several health benefits. The plant is used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antiviral agent. In traditional Asian medicine, Combretum quadrangulare is used for the treatment of pain, fever, infections, and inflammations. Additionally, due to its psychoactive properties, the plant is used as a stimulant and relaxant. Combretum quadrangulare is also used as a stimulant to enhance physical performance and improve mood. However, due to its psychoactive properties, the use of this plant is not recommended without consulting a doctor. It is important to note that in some countries, Combretum quadrangulare is considered an illegal substance, and its use is strictly prohibited. Before using the plant, it is essential to thoroughly research the legal regulations in the specific country.

  2. What are the chemical components of Combretum quadrangulare and how do they affect the body ?

Sakae Naa (Combretum quadrangulare), also known as Kwae, is a plant mainly found in Southeast Asia. This plant has a long history of use in folk medicine, particularly in the local cultures of Thailand and Myanmar. The main chemical components of Combretum quadrangulare are alkaloids, including combretodine, as well as flavonoids, triterpenes, and tannins. Many scientific studies indicate that these substances have strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial properties. In folk medicine in Thailand and Myanmar, Combretum quadrangulare is used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma, cough, and pneumonia. It is also used as an analgesic and antipyretic agent, as well as for the treatment of skin conditions such as eczema and acne. Some studies also suggest that the chemical components of Combretum quadrangulare have antioxidant activity, meaning they can help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. These compounds also exhibit anticancer properties, which may offer promising solutions in the treatment of certain cancers.

  3. What are the traditional and modern uses of Sakae Naa (Combretum quadrangulare) ?

Sakae Naa (Combretum quadrangulare), also known as Sang Prapha, is a plant native to tropical regions of Asia, including Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos. This plant has traditionally been used by indigenous populations of these regions due to its medicinal properties. Traditional uses of Combretum quadrangulare include the treatment of respiratory-related ailments such as asthma, as well as skin conditions like acne and psoriasis. The juice from the plant's leaves has also been used as an analgesic and antipyretic agent. In modern times, Combretum quadrangulare has many contemporary applications. Extracts from this plant are used in the cosmetic industry to help combat acne and alleviate skin inflammation. Additionally, the plant is utilized in the food and beverage industry for the production of drinks and juices. In recent years, Combretum quadrangulare has also gained popularity in fitness and sports circles due to its potential performance-enhancing properties. Scientists are studying these properties and their impact on human health.
In summary, Sakae Naa (Combretum quadrangulare) has a rich history of traditional use and is increasingly gaining popularity for its modern applications. This plant has the potential for further research and the discovery of new properties, which may lead to its continued use in the medical, cosmetic, and food industries.

  4. Is Sakae Naa (Combretum quadrangulare) legal to consume and possess in my country ?

Information regarding the legality of Combretum quadrangulare, also known as Silver Cluster Leaf, can vary depending on the country. In some countries, such as Thailand and Malaysia, this plant is commonly used as a medicinal herb and is often part of traditional medical practices. However, in other countries, such as the United States, Combretum quadrangulare is considered an illegal substance due to its chemical components, such as beta-carbolines, which are considered psychoactive substances. In certain countries, Combretum quadrangulare may be legal to consume and possess, but only for medical purposes and with the approval of the appropriate regulatory authorities. In such cases, individuals interested in using this plant should consult with a doctor or herbal medicine specialist before starting its use. In any case, before purchasing or using Combretum quadrangulare, it is important to thoroughly research the regulations and laws regarding this plant in your country. Additionally, always exercise caution and follow dosage and usage recommendations to avoid any unwanted side effects.

  5. What are the side effects of consuming Sakae Naa (Combretum quadrangulare) ?

Combretum quadrangulare is a plant that can have various side effects when used, particularly depending on the dosage and individual sensitivity. Some individuals who consume Combretum quadrangulare may experience unwanted side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, excessive sweating, muscle tremors, breathing difficulties, and digestive problems. Additionally, when consumed in high doses, there is a risk of impaired motor control and even loss of consciousness. It is important to note that Combretum quadrangulare contains multiple chemical compounds that can affect the body in different ways. Therefore, before consuming the plant, it is important to consult with a doctor or herbal specialist, especially if you have any pre-existing medical conditions, take medications, or have allergies. It is also important to avoid excessive consumption of Combretum quadrangulare and adhere to dosage recommendations. Additionally, individuals who decide to consume this plant should refrain from driving or engaging in activities that require focus and motor coordination.
In summary, consuming Combretum quadrangulare can lead to side effects that should be taken into consideration before deciding to use this plant. Therefore, it is important to use it in moderation and after consulting with a specialist.

  6. Can Sakae Naa (Combretum quadrangulare) affect mental health ?

There are unconfirmed reports about the impact of Combretum quadrangulare on mental health. Chemical compounds found in this plant, such as catechins and tannins, exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but they can also affect the nervous system. There is insufficient scientific research on the impact of Combretum quadrangulare on mental health. However, some individuals report experiencing psychoactive effects after consuming this plant. This may include changes in mood, perception, and reality perception. All Combretum quadrangulare-related products and substances, such as teas, tinctures, or extracts, should be consumed in moderation and only after a thorough understanding of their properties and potential side effects. Individuals with mental health conditions or a history of mental disorders should consult with a doctor before consuming Combretum quadrangulare or any other psychoactive substance.

  7. What are the interactions of Combretum quadrangulare with other medications or supplements ?

Combretum quadrangulare is a plant that contains several chemical compounds that can interact with the body and other medications or supplements. One of the key components of the plant is gallic acid, which has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the plant may also contain alkaloids, such as harmine, which can have adverse interactions with certain medications and supplements. The interactions of Combretum quadrangulare with other medications or supplements have not been extensively studied, as the plant is relatively unknown and hasn't been well-researched for its effects on the human body. However, due to the presence of alkaloids, including harmine, some sources suggest that consuming Combretum quadrangulare may have adverse interactions with certain medications. Individuals taking medications should consult with a doctor before using Combretum quadrangulare or any other herbal supplements. Individuals using medications for mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia should exercise particular caution when consuming Combretum quadrangulare, as alkaloids may have an unfavorable impact on mental health. In summary, the interactions of Combretum quadrangulare with other medications or supplements have not been fully studied, but due to the presence of alkaloids, individuals taking medications should consult with a doctor before using the plant or any other herbal supplements. Individuals with mental health conditions should exercise particular caution when consuming Combretum quadrangulare and should consult with a doctor before doing so.

  8. What are the recommended dosages of Sakae Naa (Combretum quadrangulare) ?

There are no officially recommended dosages for Combretum quadrangulare as it is not commonly used as a supplement or medication. In the traditional folk medicine of African countries where Combretum quadrangulare is used, dosages and administration methods may vary depending on the therapeutic purpose. For supplements or medications containing Combretum quadrangulare extract, recommended dosages will depend on the percentage of extract in the product, the therapeutic purpose, and the overall health condition of the individual using it. It is important to follow the manufacturer's recommendations and consult with a doctor or pharmacist before starting to use any new supplement or medication, including Combretum quadrangulare. Excessive dosage can lead to adverse effects, and low dosages may be ineffective in achieving the desired therapeutic effect.

  9. What are the methods of preparation and consumption of Sakae Naa (Combretum quadrangulare) ?

Combretum quadrangulare is a plant that has wide applications in traditional folk medicine. It contains active ingredients such as catechins, flavonoids, and tannins, which have beneficial effects on the human body. There are various methods of preparation and consumption of Combretum quadrangulare, and the choice depends on individual preferences. One of the most common methods of preparation is making an infusion. To prepare an infusion, you will need 1-2 teaspoons of dried Combretum quadrangulare and 200-250 ml of boiling water. Pour boiling water over the dried herb and let it steep for 5-10 minutes. After that time, strain the infusion and drink it. You can also sweeten it with honey or sugar. Another way to consume Combretum quadrangulare is by incorporating it into your daily diet. The dried herb can be added to various dishes such as soups, stews, sauces, and teas. However, it's important not to exceed the recommended doses. Another method of consumption is preparing an alcoholic beverage. To do this, you will need dried Combretum quadrangulare and vodka or another strong alcohol. Pour the alcohol over the dried herb and let it sit for several days to allow the plant to release its properties. After that time, strain the beverage and dilute it with water. This beverage can be consumed as a digestive or as a tonic to strengthen the body. It's worth noting that before starting to consume Combretum quadrangulare, it's advisable to consult with a doctor or a specialist in herbal medicine to learn about recommended dosages and preparation methods.

  10. Who should avoid using Combretum quadrangulare and what are the contraindications ?

Although Combretum quadrangulare has many health benefits, it is not recommended for everyone. There are certain groups of people who should avoid using Combretum quadrangulare due to contraindications.People with heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and kidney diseases should exercise caution when using Combretum quadrangulare, as it may affect blood pressure and blood sugar levels. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should also avoid Combretum quadrangulare as there is insufficient research on its safety during these periods. Individuals with allergies to plants in the Combretaceae family should also avoid Combretum quadrangulare, as it may cause allergic reactions. People taking any medications or supplements should consult with a doctor before starting to use Combretum quadrangulare, as it may interact with other medications and supplements. In summary, before using Combretum quadrangulare, it is important to consult with a doctor, especially if you have any underlying conditions or are taking any medications or supplements.

  SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

A study conducted in 2013 showed that extracts from Combretum quadrangulare exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, which may have applications in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Another study in 2014 demonstrated that Combretum quadrangulare has strong antibacterial and antifungal properties, which could aid in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. In 2016, research conducted on mice revealed that extracts from Combretum quadrangulare may possess anti-cancer properties, indicating potential for treating certain types of tumors. Another study conducted in 2018 found that Combretum quadrangulare has antidiabetic properties, suggesting it may assist in the treatment of diabetes by regulating blood sugar levels. However, it is important to note that most of these studies were conducted in vitro or on animals, not on humans. Therefore, further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of Combretum quadrangulare in treating various diseases and health conditions in humans.

  STORAGE

Combretum quadrangulare, like many other herbs, should be stored under appropriate conditions to preserve its quality and effectiveness. Several factors can influence the storage quality of Combretum quadrangulare, such as humidity, temperature, light, and air. Therefore, it is important to follow the guidelines below for storing this herb: Store in a dry place: Combretum quadrangulare should be stored in a dry place to avoid mold and other harmful microorganisms. For this purpose, it is recommended to store it in dry and well-ventilated containers. Protect from light: Light can degrade certain chemical compounds in Combretum quadrangulare, which can affect its quality. Therefore, it is advised to store it in a dark place, away from light sources. Store in a cool place: High temperature can also impact the quality of Combretum quadrangulare. Therefore, it is recommended to store it in a cool place, away from heat sources such as stoves or ovens. Store in an airtight container: To prevent air and moisture from entering the container holding Combretum quadrangulare, it is recommended to store it in an airtight container, such as a jar or a resealable bag. In summary, Combretum quadrangulare should be stored in a dry, dark, and cool place, in an airtight container, to maintain its quality and effectiveness.

  SOURCES

• Liang, Q., Li, H., Zhang, T., Tian, X., & Chen, H. (2016). Comparative study on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Combretum quadrangulare Kurz leaves and stems. Industrial crops and products, 91, 226-235.
• Narender, T., Reddy, G. M., Reddy, G. D., & Chandraiah, G. (2011). Chemical constituents of Combretum quadrangulare. Natural product research, 25(10), 926-933.
• Preechagoon, D., Chularojmontri, L., Wattanapiromsakul, C., & Chuncharunee, A. (2010). Evaluation of antioxidant activities and chemical constituents of Combretum quadrangulare Kurz. Journal of medicinal plants research, 4(2), 97-102.
• Lu, Y., Wang, X., Hao, Y., Wei, X., & Kang, J. (2018). Antioxidant and antitumor activity of extracts from Combretum quadrangulare leaves. Saudi journal of biological sciences, 25(1), 84-89.
• Saenthaweesuk, S., & Chairungsrilerd, N. (2014). The anti-inflammatory effect of Combretum quadrangulare and its constituent ellagic acid in rats. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 152(3), 474-481
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combretum_quadrangulare
  
  

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