Pot Marigold (Calendula L.)

  Pot Marigold, also known by various names, refers to the same plant:

• Marigold, Pot marigold
• Souci officinal, Calendula
• Ringelblume
• Calendula
• Caléndula
• Calêndula
• Черноголовка (Czernogowolka)
• Goudsbloem
• Nagietek lekarski
• Ringblomma

  1. What are the main medicinal properties of pot marigold ?

Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis) has been appreciated for centuries for its numerous medicinal properties. The main properties of this plant make it widely used in natural medicine. Here are some of the main medicinal properties of marigold:

• Anti-inflammatory action: Marigold contains compounds with strong anti-inflammatory effects that can help alleviate inflammation in the body. It can be used both internally and externally to reduce inflammation.
• Healing properties for the skin: Marigold is known for its healing and soothing properties for the skin. It can be used for minor cuts, abrasions, burns, ulcers, or slow-healing wounds. It helps in tissue regeneration and accelerates the skin healing process.
• Antibacterial action: Marigold extract exhibits antibacterial activity, meaning it can help combat bacterial infections. It can be used both topically and internally to support the fight against bacteria.
• Antifungal properties: Marigold has antifungal properties, meaning it can help combat fungal infections. It can be used in the treatment of yeast infections, athlete's foot, and other fungal infections.
• Antiviral properties: Research suggests the presence of compounds in marigold that exhibit antiviral activity. It may help strengthen the immune system and reduce the risk of viral infections.
• Anticancer activity: Some studies suggest that marigold may have potential in fighting against certain types of cancer. Compounds present in pot marigold may exhibit antioxidant and anticancer properties.
  
  
  

  2. What are the chemical components present in pot marigold that contribute to its medicinal properties ?

Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis) contains various chemical components that contribute to its medicinal properties. Here are some of the main components present in marigold:

• Flavonoids: Marigold is rich in different flavonoids such as quercetin, rutin, and kaempferol. Flavonoids exhibit strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, contributing to tissue protection against oxidative damage and alleviation of inflammation.
• Carotenoids: Marigold contains carotenoids such as lutein and beta-carotene, which act as natural antioxidants. They have the ability to neutralize free radicals and protect tissues against oxidative stress.
• Salicylic acid: Marigold contains salicylic acid, which has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It can help alleviate pain and inflammation, both on the skin and internally.
• Polysaccharides: Marigold contains polysaccharides that have immunomodulating effects, meaning they influence the regulation of the immune system. They aid in strengthening immunity and preventing infections.
• Essential oils: Marigold contains essential oils that give it its characteristic aroma. These oils contain compounds such as terpenes, which have antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties.
  
  

All these chemical components work synergistically, creating comprehensive and versatile medicinal properties of marigold. Their presence accounts for marigold's ability to alleviate inflammation, accelerate wound healing, combat infections, and support the immune system.

  3. How does marigold affect inflammatory processes and wound healing ?

Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis) is known for its ability to alleviate inflammation and promote wound healing. It acts in various ways to accelerate tissue regeneration and reduce inflammation. Here are a few ways in which marigold influences inflammatory processes and wound healing:

• Anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory action: Marigold exhibits antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, which help combat infections and reduce inflammation around the wound. Compounds present in marigold inhibit bacterial growth and decrease the production of inflammatory mediators.
• Acceleration of wound healing: The components found in marigold stimulate collagen production, which is essential for the reconstruction of damaged tissues. Collagen assists in the formation of new skin and scars, thus expediting the wound healing process.
• Cytokine regulation: Marigold regulates cytokine levels, which are crucial in inflammatory processes and wound healing. It helps balance the immune response and limits excessive inflammation.
• Pain relief: The analgesic properties of marigold can help alleviate discomfort associated with wounds and inflammatory skin conditions. It provides relief and improves comfort during the healing process.
• Protection against oxidative damage: Antioxidant components present in marigold safeguard tissues against oxidative damage, which can hinder wound healing. They protect cells from oxidative stress and support their regeneration.

  4. Does marigold possess antibacterial and antifungal properties ?

Yes, marigold (Calendula officinalis) exhibits antibacterial and antifungal properties, making it highly valued in natural medicine. It demonstrates activity against various microorganisms, indicating its potential in combating bacterial and fungal infections. Here is more information on this topic:

• Antibacterial properties: Studies have shown that marigold displays antibacterial activity against numerous bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Compounds present in marigold can inhibit the growth and proliferation of different bacterial species, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
• Antifungal properties: Marigold also demonstrates antifungal activity, meaning it can help combat fungal infections. The substances found in marigold can impact the growth of fungi, such as Candida albicans, responsible for fungal infections of the skin, nails, and oral cavity.
• The exact mechanisms underlying marigold's antibacterial and antifungal activities have yet to be fully understood. However, it is believed that chemical compounds like flavonoids, salicylic acid, saponins, and polysaccharides play a role in its antimicrobial efficacy. They influence the structure and function of microorganisms, impeding their growth and contributing to their elimination.

  5. How does marigold affect the immune system and immune processes ?

Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis) has a positive impact on the immune system and immune processes of the body. Incorporating marigold into the diet or using it in the form of preparations can support and strengthen the body's natural immune response. Here are a few ways in which marigold influences the immune system:

• Regulation of immune response: Marigold acts as an immunomodulator, meaning it can help regulate and balance the body's immune response. It can support both the non-specific immune system and the specific immune system, enhancing the body's immune defenses.
• Stimulation of immune cells: Components present in marigold, such as polysaccharides, can stimulate the activity of immune cells like lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells. This contributes to the reinforcement of the immune system and improves the body's ability to fight infections.
• Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory action: The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of marigold can assist in combating infections and reducing inflammation that may weaken the immune system. This reduces the burden on the body, allowing the immune system to focus on effective defense.
• Antioxidants and neutralization of free radicals: Marigold is rich in antioxidants that help neutralize free radicals. Free radicals can cause cell damage and weaken the immune system. The antioxidant action of marigold protects cells from oxidative stress and supports immune system health.
• Reduction of inflammation: Marigold exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, which help alleviate inflammation in the body. Chronic inflammation can weaken the immune system and negatively impact its function. Marigold can aid in reducing inflammation and restoring balance in the immune system.
  
  

  6. What are the potential side effects or interactions with other medications when using marigold ?

While marigold (Calendula officinalis) is generally considered safe, there is always a risk of individual reactions and side effects. Here are a few factors to consider:

• Allergic reactions: Some individuals may be allergic to marigold, and allergic reactions such as itching, skin rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing may occur. If you have a tendency for allergies or have experienced allergic reactions to plants in the marigold family in the past, exercise caution and consult a doctor before using marigold.
• Interactions with medications: There is a potential risk of interactions between marigold and certain medications. Marigold may affect the metabolism of some drugs in the liver, leading to a decrease or increase in their blood concentration. Therefore, if you are taking any medications on a regular basis, including prescription or over-the-counter drugs, it is important to inform your doctor about your intention to use marigold.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: There is insufficient research on the safety of using marigold during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is recommended to exercise caution and consult a doctor before initiating any marigold therapy during these periods.
• Local effects: The use of marigold preparations on the skin may occasionally cause irritation, redness, or a burning sensation. If any unpleasant symptoms occur, discontinue use and consult a doctor.
  
  

It is important to always consult with a doctor before starting any marigold therapy, especially if you have existing conditions, are taking other medications, or are pregnant or breastfeeding. A doctor can assess your individual situation and assist in making appropriate decisions regarding marigold usage.

  7. What are the recommended dosages and methods of using marigold for therapeutic purposes ?

The use of marigold (Calendula officinalis) for therapeutic purposes may vary depending on individual needs and the type of preparation. Here are some recommendations regarding dosages and methods of using marigold:

• Ointments and creams: Marigold is often available in the form of ointments and creams for topical application to the skin. It is typically recommended to apply a thin layer of the preparation to the affected areas of the skin 2-3 times a day. The skin should be thoroughly cleansed and dried before application. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions and do not exceed the recommended dosage.
• Infusions and teas: Marigold can also be consumed in the form of infusions and teas. To prepare a marigold infusion, pour 1-2 teaspoons of dried marigold flowers with a cup of boiling water and let it steep for about 10-15 minutes. After this time, strain the infusion and consume. Drinking 1-2 cups of the infusion per day is recommended. Marigold teas can also be found in ready-made form in herbal shops.
• Tablets and capsules: Marigold is also available in the form of tablets and capsules. The dosage and frequency of use depend on the specific preparation. Before starting supplementation with marigold tablets or capsules, it is always recommended to consult with a doctor or pharmacist to determine the appropriate dosage.

It's important to note that dosages and methods of use may vary depending on the product and manufacturer's recommendations. It is essential to carefully read the label and usage instructions before using marigold in any form.

  8. Are there any contraindications for using marigold, such as in people with allergies or other conditions ?

Before using marigold (Calendula officinalis) for therapeutic purposes, there are a few factors to consider, especially if you have allergies or other conditions. Here are some potential contraindications for using marigold:

• Allergy: Individuals allergic to plants in the marigold family (Asteraceae/Compositae), to which marigold belongs, may be more prone to allergic reactions. If you have previously experienced an allergic reaction to plants in this family, such as chrysanthemums, chamomile, or sage, there is a risk of a similar reaction to marigold. In such cases, it is advisable to avoid using marigold or consult a doctor before starting therapy.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: The safety of using marigold during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, it is recommended to exercise caution and consult a doctor before using marigold during these periods.
• Damaged skin or open wounds: Applying marigold preparations to damaged skin, such as open wounds, may cause irritation or allergic reactions. Always avoid applying marigold to open wounds or healing skin without consulting a doctor.
• Interactions with other medications: Marigold may interact with certain medications, so it is important to inform your doctor about any other medications, supplements, or herbs you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
  
  

  9. What scientific studies have been conducted to confirm the effectiveness and safety of using marigold in medicine ?

The use of marigold (Calendula officinalis) in medicine has been subjected to scientific studies aimed at confirming its effectiveness and safety. Here are a few examples of scientific studies conducted in this regard:

• Anti-inflammatory study: In vitro and animal studies have shown that marigold extracts have anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators and reducing the activity of pro-inflammatory enzymes. The impact of marigold on inflammatory processes has been confirmed in animal models and clinical studies in humans.
• Antibacterial properties: Laboratory studies have demonstrated that marigold extracts have antibacterial activity against various strains of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These findings suggest that marigold may be effective in inhibiting bacterial growth and can be used as a natural antibiotic.
• Antifungal properties: Marigold extracts also exhibit antifungal activity. In vitro studies have shown that marigold can inhibit the growth of fungi such as Candida albicans, which is often responsible for fungal infections in humans.
• Effect on wound healing processes: Studies have shown that the use of marigold preparations can accelerate wound healing, reduce pain, and prevent infections. Marigold stimulates the production of collagen, which accelerates the formation of new skin.
• Clinical trials: Clinical trials have also been conducted to assess the efficacy of marigold in various medical applications, such as the treatment of burns, alleviation of acne symptoms, or atopic dermatitis. The results of these studies suggest the beneficial effects of marigold on these skin conditions.
  
  

In summary, scientific studies conducted so far confirm certain benefits and properties of marigold in medicine. However, it is always recommended to consult with a doctor before using marigold for therapeutic purposes. A doctor can adjust the dosage and recommendations to your individual health situation, taking into account any contraindications, interactions with other medications, and specific needs.

  STORAGE

To maintain the freshness and quality of marigold for a longer period, proper storage is important. Here are a few tips for storing marigold:

• Drying: Marigold can be dried to preserve it in the form of dried flowers or leaves. To do this, gather fresh marigold flowers or leaves and arrange them in a single layer in a dry and well-ventilated place. Avoid direct sunlight as it can lead to nutrient loss. After a few days, when the marigold is completely dry, you can store it in a tightly sealed container or bag.
• Storing dried marigold: If you already have dried marigold, it is important to store it in a dry and dark place, free from moisture. It is best to place it in a glass jar or airtight container to prevent loss of aroma and nutrients. Keep marigold away from heat sources, sunlight, and moisture, as these factors can deteriorate the quality of the dried herb.
• Storing fresh marigold: If you have fresh marigold and want to store it for a few days, you can employ a few tricks. First, remove the lower leaves from the marigold stem, and then place it in a glass of water, similar to a bouquet of flowers. Cover it with a slightly moist cloth or plastic bag and place it in the refrigerator. Fresh marigold can be stored this way for several days, and the water will help maintain its freshness.
• Freezing: Another method of storing marigold is freezing. You can place fresh marigold leaves in the freezer in a tightly sealed container or plastic bag. Freezing will help preserve most of the nutrients and aroma of marigold. You can use frozen marigold for making tea or directly adding it to dishes during cooking.
• Remember that fresh marigold has a more intense flavor and aroma than dried marigold. Therefore, it is advisable to use the appropriate proportion in recipes when substituting fresh marigold for dried and vice versa.
• Storing marigold under suitable conditions will help preserve its quality and utilize it in various culinary and medicinal purposes. Remember that fresh marigold is most valuable, so it is best to consume it as soon as possible after harvesting.
  
  

Before using marigold, regardless of the storage form, always thoroughly check for any mold, contaminants, or changes in appearance and smell. If you notice any abnormalities, do not use it and opt for fresh marigold.

  SCIENTIFIC SOURCES

• Zasada, I., Borawska, M. H., Stankiewicz, W., & Sawicka, D. (2017). The role of Calendula officinalis in wound healing and its biological properties. Wound Healing-Current Perspectives, 57-72.
• Preethi, K. C., & Kuttan, R. (2009). Wound healing activity of flower extract of Calendula officinalis. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 20(1), 73-79.
• Pommier, P., Gomez, F., Sunyach, M. P., D'Hombres, A., Carrie, C., Montbarbon, X., ... & Jacquot, Y. (2004). Phase III randomized trial of Calendula officinalis compared with trolamine for the prevention of acute dermatitis during irradiation for breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 22(8), 1447-1453.
• Rathore, M. S., Mohan, J., Kumari, S., Rana, S., & Pal, M. (2016). Marigold: The natural remedy to oral health. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 10(11), ZE01-ZE04.
• Sharifi-Rad, M., Mnayer, D., Morais-Braga, M. F., Carneiro, J. N., Bezerra, C. F., Coutinho, H. D., ... & Martorell, M. (2018). Efficacy of Calendula officinalis as an antibacterial agent: A mini-review. Medicina, 54(5), 89.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendula_officinalis
  
  
  
  

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